Report of
The Second
Non-governmental Organization
Forum on U.S.-China Environmental Cooperation
November 14-16, 2001
Beijing,
China
Co-organized by:
Renmin University of China
Beijing, China
International Fund for Chinas
Environment
Washington DC, USA
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
I.
Summary
of Speeches and Panel Discussions
.5
1.1 Speeches in the Opening Ceremony: the Function of NGOs in
Environmental Protection
5
1.2
Panel-Women and Environmental Protection
.6
1.3 Panel-
Ecological Protection in Western China
..7
1.4 Panel-
Environmental Education and the Development of Green NGOs in
Universities
..8
1.5 Panels-
Resource Preservation and Regional Economic Development
..8
1.6 Panel-
Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment
.9
1.7 Panel-
Public Relation
....10
1.8 Panel-
Funding Sources and Fundraising
...10
1.9 Panel- NGOs Roles in Environmental Policies
Making
11
1.10 Panel: NGOs and Enterprises after Chinas
Entrance into WTO;
Cooperation
Between NGOs and Governments
.12
II.
Summary
of Workshop Presentations
.13
2.1 Topic 1-
NGOs Roles in Civil Society
..13
2.2 Topic 2-
NGOs Sustainability
...16
2.3 Topic 3-
Project Development and Management for NGOs
..18
2.4 Topic 4-
Introduction to UNDP Small Grant Program for NGOs
..20
III.
Participated
Organizations (Chinese)
.23
IV.
Participated
Organizations (US and Others)
..26
V.
News
Media Coverage List
28
VI.
Acknowledgements
.30
Appendix
A.
Forum
Activity Photos
32
B.
Samples
of Media Reports
..37
C.
Feedback
from Participants
...42
D.
Forum
Technical Program
..44
Executive Summary
He, Ping Ph.D.
The 2nd
NGO Forum on US-China Environmental Cooperation was successfully held in
Beijing during November 14-16, 2001.
Two hundred and twelve people from NGOs, universities, research
institutes, government agencies and the media attended the event. They represented one hundred thirty five
organizations in China, the US, and other countries. The Forum was organized jointly by Renmin (Peoples) University
of China and the International Fund for Chinas Environment (IFCE). It marked another milestone in the
development of Chinese environmental NGOs since the first Forum held in DC in
1999. More than thirty national and
international media organizations reported on the event, including three major
Chinese Central TV channels.
A number of
speakers addressed the audience during the opening ceremony including Professor
Ji Baocheng, President of Renmin University, Dr. Ping He, president of IFCE,
Kurt Tong, Science Counselor of the US Embassy, Marc Brody, President of the
US-China Environmental Fund, Jiang Xiaoke, President of the Beijing
Environmental Foundation, and Hein Mallee of the Ford Foundation. Keynote speeches were delivered by Professor
Yang Jike, Vice-Chair of the Resource Conservation Committee of the Chinese
Peoples Political Consultative Conference and Professor Chen Xiwen, Vice
Minister of the State Council Development Research Center. The keynotes speakers praised the healthy
development of environmental NGOs in China and called for NGO support for
sustainable development nationwide, especially in western China.
The Forum included
a one-day workshop and two days of panel discussions. The workshop focused on
NGO development and management. Four experts discussed: NGO Roles in Civil
Society, NGO Growth and Sustainability, Project Development and Management, and
an Introduction to UNDP Small Grants for NGOs.
Nine panel
sessions addressed 1) Women and Environmental Protection, 2) Ecological
Preservation in Western China, 3) Environmental Education and the
Development of Green NGOs in Universities, 4) Resources Preservation and
Regional Economic Development, 5) Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment,
6) Public Relations, 7) Funding Sources and Fundraising, 8) Environmental
Policy Development and Implementation of Laws, and 9) WTO and Working with
Governments. More than fifty experienced professionals gave presentations in
their respective fields. Discussions followed each presentation.
The Forum goals to strengthen communication and cooperation
between US and Chinese NGOs and
to strengthen citizen participation in
Chinas environmental protection were achieved. Chinese participants expressed appreciation of the opportunity
the Forum provided to establish contact, learn from and share experiences with
foreign professionals. There were forty two foreign participants from the US
and other countries despite the negative impact of 9/11 in the US. Foreign participants were impressed by the
high quality of presentations. They felt the Forum provided an excellent
opportunity for them to better understand Chinas environmental problems and to
establish partnerships in China. Some follow-up cooperative activities are
being discussed. Because of broad
participation and intensive media coverage, the Forum generated a significant
impact on Chinas environmental protection movement.
The Forum was
hosted by the Renmin University Department of Agricultural Economics. The main
Forum sponsor was the Ford Foundation. Other sponsors included Conservation
International, the International Crane Foundation, the US-China Environmental
Fund, the Chinese Environmental Foundation, and E3/Shanghai.
This report provides
a summary of speeches, panel discussions and workshop presentations. Relevant
documents and materials are also presented. Full papers of most presentations
are included in the two volumes of the Forum proceedings. For further
information, please visit
www.uschinango.org or contact
IFCE at 703-222-1280 or at
ifce@ifce.org.
I.
Summary of
Speeches and Panel Discussions
The 2nd
NGO Forum on US-China Environmental Cooperation was held at Renmin (Peoples)
University of China in Beijing from November 14-16, 2001. Renmin University and
the International Fund for Chinas Environment (IFCE) jointly organized this
Forum. Two hundred and twelve people representing NGOs, research institutes,
universities and governmental agencies from China, the US, and other countries
attended the Forum. The speeches, presentations and panel discussions covered
many topics including: the function of NGOs in environmental protection; NGO
impact on environmental policies; NGO operations and fundraising; environmental
education and the development of green curricula; women and the environment;
ecological preservation and western development; sustainable agriculture;
cooperation with governments and corporations after China's entry into the WTO;
etc. The following is a summary of the speeches, presentations and panel
discussions addressing these issues.
1.1
Speeches in the Opening Ceremony: the Function of NGOs in Environmental
Protection
A number of
speakers in the opening ceremony addressed this issue. Ms. Jiang Xiaoke, Chair
of the Beijing Environment Protection Fund, pointed out that despite
sustainable development being a basic government policy, implementation relies
on citizen and NGO involvement and support. NGOs keep proliferating across the
country. They have come to play an important role in environmental protection.
Still, Chinas environmental NGOs remain immature. They need to learn and grow
through practice and cooperation with others. They also need support and help
from society and the public.
Professor Yang
Jike, one of keynote speakers and Vice-Chairman of the National Political
Consultative Committee Population, Resources & Environment Commission,
emphasized the importance of China-US cooperation. He underlined that there is
much successful US experience in controlling black storms, city fog, carbon
dioxide, mitigating car gas emissions, etc. NGOs can help the government to
learn from US.
Mr. Kurt Tong,
Science Counselor of the US Embassy, suggested that NGOs play an important role
in environmental protection in both China and the US. As NGOs develop further
and increasingly cooperate with governments, they can provide more support to
governments in environmental management and resource conservation. NGOs can
partner with governments to disseminate information and enhance transparency.
Dr. Ping He,
President of the International Fund for Chinas Environment (IFCE), proposed
that it is high time to develop Chinese NGOs because of governmental reforms
underway. Small government and big society is a current development trend in
China. Although the influence of NGOs is relatively small right now, with
public support, the prospects for the development of environmental NGOs is
bright.
Mr. Mark Brody,
President of the US-China Environment Fund, addressed this issue as well. He
said that due to downsizing of governmental agencies, some of the work
previously undertaken by governments would be performed by NGOs. He thought
that NGOs would help government pay more attention to environmental issues.
Other speakers in
the opening ceremony included Prof. Ji Baocheng, President of Remin University,
Prof Chen Xiwen, one of the keynote speakers and vice minister of the State
Development and Research Center and Mr. Hein Mallee, Program Officer of Ford
Foundation. The State Environmental Protection Administration of China sent a
letter of congratulations to the Forum. They called for NGOs support to combat
severe environmental problems in China.
After the opening
ceremony, Dr. Li Fengshan of the International Crane Foundation and Dr. Liu Rei
of Conservation International/IFCE delivered plenary presentations. Dr. Li
introduced the experience on participatory approach in natural reserve
management in Cao Hai. Dr Liu discussed biodiversity conservation strategies in
new century. His point was that conservation could be profitable.
1.2 Panel-Women and Environmental Protection
This panel
addressed womens role in environmental protection and integrating gender and
environmental concepts into development projects. Based on data collected in a social survey in Chaoyang District,
Beijing, Ms. Sha Lianxiang and Mr. Zhang Zhidong from Renmin University argued
that women have stronger awareness about and contribute more to environmental
protection than do men. Therefore, encouraging womens participation in
non-governmental environmental protection activities should have a strong
positive impact. Sha and Zhang said that government-driven environmental
protection in China has lacked public support and cooperation.
Ms. Elaine
Zuckerman, CEO of Gender Action, discussed the
importance of gender issues, the relationship of women to the environment,
examples of World Bank projects lacking gender awareness, and why it is
important to ensure that investment projects address the gender and environment
nexus. Moreover, she underlined that
environmental NGOs also must address the relationship between women and the
environment. Addressing womens key role
as environmental managers is critical for eliminating poverty and stimulating
economic growth. She highlighted
worldwide correlations between greater poverty reduction and greater gender
equality. Ms. Zuckerman noted she was
impressed by the attention the Chinese government gave to womens issues but
felt there was still a lot more to be done.
With women increasingly responsible for agricultural and rural
development work as men in greater numbers leave farms for urban jobs, it is
vital to address womens role in natural resource management. In designing
poverty reduction and other development projects, gender and environmental
impacts and their interrelationships should be evaluated. All development projects should analyze and
target distinct problems women and men encounter.
Ms. Ban Li from
the Shannxi Womens Federation discussed the experience of using participatory
methods in training women in sustainable development. She underlined that
promotion and propaganda for rural sustainable development should start
with projects which can generate direct benefits to women, thus allowing women
to combine productive activities with development projects. This approach facilitates womens conscious
acceptance and promotion of sustainable development. If only conservation is emphasized and economic development is
not, the policy is not sustainable.
Ms. Jiang Xiaoke
presented her similar experiences through a series of overhead slides. Ms.
Nancy Tian introduced the research and training activities of the US-based
Center for Educational Development and Population Activities in the context of
international development.
1. 3 Panel- Ecological Protection in Western
China
Development in western China has become a hot topic in recent years. However, in reality, development speed in the region lags far behind that of other areas.
Prof. Kong
Xiangzhi of Renmin University introduced reasons for the deterioration of the
Hulunbeier Grassland in Inner Mongolia. He suggested some protection
countermeasures to develop a green industry for grassland.
Ms. Zhang Linxiu
from the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences described different types of contradictions that exist in the western
region, such as between rich resources and backward marketing systems and poor
infrastructure; between agricultural development and ecological deterioration
and lack of water resources; as well as between the needs of the knowledge
economy and the lack of human resources.
These contradictions have caused a vicious cycle of development with
negative poverty and environmental consequences. He suggested that a key
measure to break the vicious development-poverty-environment cycle and
transform it into a positive cycle is to develop markets, especially labor
markets which would push off-farm labor into labor floating among districts,
promoting a flow of resources.
Meanwhile, the government should increase investment in research and
development.
Mr. Liang Congjie,
the president of Friends of Nature, pointed out that we should cautiously use
the word Great in the slogan, Great Western Development. He raised the
meaningful question of whether China should imitate Americas consumption
behavior. From the viewpoint of global
resources, he believed the answer was negative. Virtually all participants
agreed with him and concluded that we should combine economic development with
ecosystem conservation, and avoid following the great western exploitation
blueprint of the US.
1.4 Panel- Environmental Education and the
Development of Green NGOs in Universities
Environmental
education is an important input in achieving environmental protection.
Representatives from colleges, educational agencies and others participated in
discussing this theme. Professor Ji
Baocheng, the President of the Renmin University, pointed out that environmental
education is an important component of education. Only if students learn
sufficient knowledge about the environment will they participate in
environmental protection when they graduate. Prof. Sun Zhongcai of Renmin
University introduced the experience of including environment in agricultural
economic education. He underlined that in-depth research on environmental
practices and on sustainable agricultural development will enrich agricultural
economics education.
Ms. Zhou Fang from
Xian shared experiences and methods used in childrens environmental education.
Ms. Zhou Youhong and her Beijing colleagues introduced their teenage
environmental education work. Several
delegates from the Little Swan Art Troupe of Shannxi told stories about how
they enhanced childrens environmental awareness through painting and dancing.
They worked with IFCE to successfully organize a US-China Childrens
Environmental Art Contest. They presented the childrens paintings on
endangered birds to the Forum dinner participants.
Some
undergraduates associated with university-based NGOs also talked about their
experiences in environmental education. Mr. Wang Zheng from Northwestern
University mentioned the advantages and disadvantages of college students participating
in environmental protection. He said the advantages are a) clear definition --
on campus, b) strong background -- well educated, and c) enthusiasm and
creative volunteering. The disadvantages are a) lack of capacity to raise funds
and b) lack of management experience. All the delegates advocated that student
organizations establish environmental programs on campuses. They called for
society support and help for these energetic young organizations. A few
overseas college students also introduced college environmental organizations
in western countries.
1. 5 Panel- Resource Preservation and Regional
Economic Development
Dr. Li Fengshen
said the success of the Cao Hai project resides in changing from regulating
communities to serving communities. The main function of the project staff is
to provide guidance. Dr. Li also pointed out that to ensure that a service
relationship becomes sustainable, for example the sustainable development of a
nature reserve, it is important to link conservation with poverty reduction. In
the past, conservation sometimes conflicted with local residents: Local
residents need more lands to improve their living, but conservation limits land
development. The relationship was initially quite poor in the Cao Hai project.
After implementing the participatory poverty relief plan, the interests of both
sides became closer. Local residents got more involved in conservation. Conservation became more effective. Mr. Ren
Xaiodong of Guizhou Normal University also explained that conservation and
poverty reduction are equally important.
Through studying
the development of the milk industry in China, Professor Chen Shulan of Renmin
University analyzed two kinds of environmental issues arising in economic
development. One is the pollution generated in the development process, such as
pollution caused by centralized cattle rising affecting suburban and urban
areas. Another is the environmental problem resulting from underdevelopment,
such as grassland degradation and ecological deterioration. The solution for
the former should be to move the cattle farming business to traditional
agricultural areas. And the solution for the latter should be to develop local
economies and reduce pressures on land resources.
Prof. Zeng Yinchu,
also from Renmin University, argued that from the angle of economic efficiency,
under different polluting levels, different fee-charging schemes should be
employed. Furthermore, Zeng derived two basic conclusions: First, the cost of
controlling agricultural pollution should be financed by public funds.
Secondly, farmers should have some degree of polluting rights.
1.6 Panel- Sustainable Agriculture and the
Environment
In the opening ceremony, Mr. Chen Xiwen,
the vice- minister of the Development Research Center of State Department,
addressed the issues of agricultural development and environment. He
concentrated mainly on three problems: the environmental cost of agricultural
development, how much importance the Chinese Government attaches to
environmental issues when it establishes agricultural polices, and the
challenges environmental professionals in China will face. He said that the
challenges not only come from the deteriorating environment itself, but also
are related to current social and economic development policies. People who
have strong environmental awareness are those living in cities with higher
living standards. People who pay the price of environment deterioration are
poor people living in underdeveloped regions. Without major policy adjustments
in income allocation and without coordinated development between urban and
rural areas as well as among different regions, it is very difficult to address
environmental protection and resources conservation. In addition, he talked in
detail about the problems of returning farmlands into woods. To implement and
sustain this policy, the government needs to make substantial investment. Once
this investment stops, farmers will again cut trees and destroy grasses.
Therefore, the sustainability of this policy is questionable. Meanwhile, people
need to consider local development while implementing this policy. We also have
to allow people to live better lives to obtain their support for the policy.
Panel participants
used real examples to question the sustainability of the policy of returning
farmlands to woods. Sometimes compensation didnt reach farmers pockets,
causing dissatisfaction and disappointment. Without mechanisms to minimize
farmers risks, they will return to farming for lack of sufficient income. For example, farm households in one district
in Guizhou receive only 960 Yuan per year. First, the government
instructed them to stop farming and later the government prohibited coal
mining, the only source of cash income for most of these households. The government
tried to convince big enterprises to open factories in the affected villages.
However, the farmers did not want to rent out their lands to factories.
They feared losing everything if the factories did not succeed. The
government didnt provide any guarantee to the farmers. Thus these farmers are
living very precariously. They dont even have enough grain to feed themselves.
Some participants
pointed out that the government cant rely solely on administrative measures to
implement policy. This would be very costly to farmers. Most attendees believed
that without a practical guarantee to balance benefit and risk, this policy
could not be sustained.
1.7 Panel- Public Relation
Eva Sternfeld of China Environment & Sustainable Development Reference & Research Center, Dr Li Zongmin of Chinese Association for Women Studies (USA), Prof. Cheng Shulan of Remin University and Samuel Sage of Atlantic States Legal Foundation addressed this issue.
Dr. Li Zongmin discussed about public consultation. She said that it is a process for engaging two-way communication between the project proponent and the affected public and other interested parties. It involves the project proponent providing information to the affected groups in open dialogue and soliciting their views. The goal is to improve decision-making and build understanding through involvement of the public. Public consultation plays a critical role in raising awareness of a project's impacts and gaining agreement on management and technical approaches in order to maximize benefits and minimize negative impacts. Information is critical to meaningful consultation and participation of affected groups. An informed public better understands the trade-offs involved in project impacts (benefits and disadvantages). The public will be better able to contribute meaningfully to project design and implementation.
Mr. Sage discussed access to information. In the United States, access to information is a cornerstone of the democratic system. The decades following the end of World War II saw the development of extensive systems for enabling the public to gain access to materials contained within the files and archives of federal, state, and local governments. He discussed a series of laws and legislations developed in US including: Freedom of Information Act (FOI). Freedom of Information Law (FOIL), National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA), and Emergency Planning Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). He said that NGOs, businesses, governmental officials, and the general public, have at their disposal a tradition and a repository of immense importance in protecting the environment. The courts, for the most part, have upheld the various rights granted under these laws, and except in extraordinary circumstances have forced recalcitrant government agencies to turn over materials to the public. The knowledge the public gains from open record laws enables them to be the watchdogs of the environment and to prevent or significantly modify many poorly planned and environmentally harmful projects.
1.8 Panel- Funding Sources and Fundraising
Delegates from
several NGOs introduced their fundraising experiences, including Mr. Liu
Dachang of The Nature Conservancy, Ms. Dan Na of
the Institute of Development of Yunnan, Mr. Richard Scharlat from Wild Aid and
Ms. Zhang Xiaoai from the Institute of Human Ecology of China. Ms. Zhang talked about the need for flexibility
in seeking funds. It is important to find a common interest between donors and
NGOs. How a project is designed is also
a determining factor. NGOs need to follow some international standards. In
addition, two or more NGOs may collaborate in preparing large projects to
obtain larger amounts of funds.
Representatives
from several foundations introduced their organizations. Dr Yang Fuqiang, the
chief representative of the Energy Foundation in Beijing, said the Energy
Foundation focuses on policy making and implementation. The Foundation is not
interested in technical projects. Mr. Mark Brody told the audience that the
US-China Environment Fund provides integrated support, not just funds. Mr. Hein
Mallee from the Ford Foundation provided meaningful advice. He explained that
before submitting funding applications NGOs should first understand the
interests of each foundation approached.
They need to ascertain the types of projects and priorities of each
foundation approached. Once NGOs identify and understand a foundation, they
need to package a description of themselves and their project accordingly. Mr. Mallee also explained that the Ford
Foundation generated its funds through investments and not from stocks of the
Ford motor company.
Fundraising issue
was also addressed at the workshop. Mr. Shunichi Marata of UNDP suggested that
NGOs should have clear aims when they apply for fund support. Ms. Tian Xiaoping
of CEDPA argued that the self-development of NGOs is the basis of
sustainability and funding. She emphasized the importance of the dynamic
relationship between sponsors and NGOs. The relationship changes with time,
impacting NGO structures, fundraising and management. Fundamental aspects of
NGO sustainability are cost, quality, market orientation and community
support. To be sustainable, NGOs must work on improving management structure,
project design, financial management, etc.
1.9 Panel- NGOs Roles in Environmental Policies Making
Even
though NGOs are not authorized to make policies, they could influence
policymaking and law implementation if they are strong enough. Ms. Catriona Glazebrook, Executive Director
of Pacific Environment, illuminated the influence of NGOs in the four phases of
integrated policy implementation including identifying needs, policymaking,
implementation and evaluation. For example, NGOs can initiate reasonable
requests for legislation based on their specialized knowledge and expertise.
Then they communicate with legislators to exert influence. Furthermore, to
facilitate the birth of new laws they can engage the public by disseminating
comments on policies and raising funds to support implementation of new laws.
One participant
from Renmin University pointed out that although, in principle, Chinese
citizens have the right to know the truth according to the law, there are
insufficient clear legal procedures to guarantee this right. These procedures need to be
elaborated. NGOs can apply pressure to
require the government to release more information. This would bring more transparency to policy making and would
deepen public involvement.
Ms. Barbara
Finamore from the Natural Resources Defense Council, based on practice,
presented four main methods through which NGOs can increase their influence.
The four methods are using the media, other publicity, marketing, and
integrating these methods. She also introduced some techniques to enhance
successful use of legally suing environmental lawbreakers, for example, suing a
polluting factory using their own published environmental data as evidence or
using data leaked by their own staff.
However, effectively using this technique requires a sound functioning
macro-legal system.
1.10 Panel: NGOs
and Enterprises after Chinas Entrance into WTO; Cooperation Between NGOs and
Governments
Based on the
different situations of NGOs in China and the US, Ms. Annie Ho of Michigan
University gave a speech on how NGOs cooperate with business companies. She
thought Chinese NGOs didnt make enough contact with corporate enterprises
compared to their US counterparts. She
pointed out that enterprises and NGOs shared some common interests and have a
basis for cooperation. Enterprises face pressures from the public and can work
with NGOs to address some difficult problems with the public. NGOs need financial aid from
enterprises. There can be many win-win
situations. At the same time, Dr. Yang
Jentai of the US EPA noted that NGOs should maintain their independence and
represent the public interest when they collaborate with businesses.
Prof Yan Ruizhen
of Renmin University discussed how to concretely cooperate with local
governments during project implementation.
His fieldwork supporting poverty reduction has required closely working
with local agencies. Concerned with the
relationship between social capital and economic development, Prof. Ma Jiujie
of Renmin University discussed the role of NGOs in environmental protection,
sustainable resource use, and economically sustainable development. He pointed
out that the level of development of NGOs is one factor indicating the level of
social capital in a country. He quoted many references demonstrating that social capital is very
important for improving the environment and efficient resource utilization. He
suggested that the government, NGOs and international organizations should
cultivate the development of social capital in China. To enhance the functions
of NGOs in environmental protection is an important task.
Ms. Grace Gabriel
of IFAW introduced IFAWs experiences in protecting breeding areas for gray
whales. She discussed the process of the changing relationship between the
government and enterprises as it moved from confrontation to collaboration.
Good communication was vital. She called for NGOs to contribute more to public
education, legislation and standardization.
II Summary of Workshop Presentations
Four topics were covered in the Workshop of NGOs Development and Management. Following is a summary of presentations delivered at the workshop.
2.1 Topic 1
NGOs Roles in Civil Society
Speaker: Samuel H. Sage/President
Atlantic States Legal Foundation, Inc. USA
Moderator: Zongmin Li, Chinese Society for Women Studies, USA
NGOs form the third leg with government and the market of what makes for a civil society. Our roles vary with circumstances, but serve in many ways as a moderating force between individuals and the rest of society. NGOs have different images of themselves and, in fact, we are a very diverse lot. Sometimes we are voluntary associations, the non-profit sector, not-for-profit organizations, community based organizations, charitable organizations, benevolent societies, etc. Maybe we are a labor union, a professional society or a religious institution. These different categories sometimes have different legal meanings; sometimes, different cultures would define things differently.
In any event, we
do have common characteristics:
We are private (as opposed
to governmental),
We operate in a transparent
manner,
We are deeply concerned
about ethics,
We believe in participatory
involvement in governmental decision-making,
We respect diverse views and
membership,
We are committed to the
freedom of association,
We are influential.
As the nineteenth century progressed, people in the United States
became more and more aware of the resources and the beauty of the American
landscape and saw how uncontrolled development threatened the continent. Science was beginning to help us understand
natural processes, ethical concerns for native peoples began to concern us, and
especially with the completion of the first trans-continental railroad,
citizens were going to see things for themselves. In this context, first scientific associations were formed and
slowly citizens organized themselves into interest groups and finally
NGOs. Although the environmental
movement is largely thought of as a recent phenomenon, many organizations were
indeed born before 1900 and many victories were recorded.
Pretty much from the start, these early environmental NGOs, which behaved within the confines of the civil society as it was then construed, had very different modes of operation. At least at the start all of them, concentrated on preserving natural resources for the good of the nation as opposed to narrow exploitive aims of the private sector. The growth and exploitation of the west served to raise the consciousness of many people and soon areas were being set aside for national parks, people stepped in at the last moment to preserve the remnants of the American Bison, and hunting and fishing laws went into place protecting wildlife.
Many parts of the American environmental movement have never expanded their agendas beyond nature conservation. That fight still is very important to this day as witnesses by the current campaigns to prevent oil drilling in the Alaska wilderness, to preserve and restore wild salmon, and to stop the cutting of old growth timber. But the agenda has broadened immensely and perhaps out of recognition of what was formerly considered to be the agenda. There are groups now concerned, locally, nationally, or globally, with almost every aspect of human endeavor in the name of environmental protection. One other thing has changed a lot in over a century. The first environmentalists were no doubt the white elite who had the money, leisure, and status to influence the politics of the day. As the political system has become more and more responsive to other groups, those working as environmentalists, and the issues pursued has expanded as well.
In the field of
international development, the role of NGOs has become more and more
indispensable. American and Canadian
foreign assistance funding, program initiatives from the European Community and
other western European nations, the World Bank, and even the United Nations
Development Program is increasingly funneled money through NGOs. The World Bank estimated that in 1992, $7.6
billion, or over fifteen per cent of total overseas aid, was delivered to NGOs
for programs in the developing world.
And these numbers are rapidly rising.
Also citing statistics from the World Bank, there are now tens of
thousands of national NGOs working in developing countries alone. Further, these are augmented by local NGOs,
community based organizations that number in the hundreds of thousands.
The greatest
weaknesses of the NGO community all relate in some manner to limited financial
resources. These limits restrain
building institutional capacity with strong management. Lack of resources further limits the scale
of operations and the ability of the NGO to fully integrate its program with
other social and economic activities.
In a recent speech delivered to an NGO gathering at United Nations Headquarters just before the World Trade Center disaster in New York City, Secretary General Kofi Annan emphasized how important NGOs are around the world. In his talk, he reiterated the position that unless we protect the earths natural capital, we will not be able to sustain economic growth. This is a statement that those of us in this room can understand all too well.
NGOs often limit
themselves and cast themselves into a role much more minor than they should
have. For many of the reasons I have
outlined we are more than likely the part of society that can best approach the
future with a vision that just might work.
We have the power to educate and pressure the body politic to go forward
in the best way for their constituents without in any way undermining their
authority. Our program should consist
of technology exchanges enabling everyone to hear of the true state of the art
methodologies to cleaning up and restoring the environment.
A second item
should be to make sure that all sectors of our respective societies are given
the opportunity and are encouraged to be involved with the NGO community, to
learn about the problems and potential solutions, and express their ideas to
the decision makers. We in the United
States have only recently realized that often the people most directly and
adversely effected by environmental degradation and poor decision making, were
not at the table when these issues were being discussed. Also, we must tackle the growing drop out
rate of participation in the United States and other places. We cannot be spectators, but must actively engage
if we are to succeed.
Thirdly, we must discuss institutional arrangements and how to obtain a modicum of resources so that we in the NGO community can operate professionally, accomplish our goals, and not just be naysayers. Globalization, terrorism, and increasingly wide disparities of wealth have made all of these things more difficult.
Finally, and
separate from any of the above we must make sure that young people are
attracted to and involved with our programs.
Our issues offer young people many opportunities to get involved, but we
must make sure that involvement happens.
To quote Mr. Annan once more, young people should be with you at the
forefront of global change. If they are
left on societys margins, all of us will be impoverished.
2.2 Topic 2
NGOs Sustainability
Speaker: Nancy Tian/Sr. Advisor
Center for Population and Development Activities, USA
Moderator:
Wang, Yongcheng, Green Home Volunteers, China
To
adapt to the changes in their operating environment, NGOs need to make a shift
from how they think of themselves, and their relationship with their community,
clients and donors. This in turn
requires some changes in the way NGOs operate institutionally, programmatically
and financially. These shifts will move
them closer to achieving sustainability, but require strong commitment and
involvement from their leadership and their stakeholders.
These
changing relations, built on the idea of increasing the exchange between
donors, organizations and clients, are illustrated in Figure A, Sustainability
Operational Model (Developed by CEDPA, 2002).
The roles change and the benefits evolve as the exchange increases
between the donor, NGO, and community.
In the model, the sustainability pillars support these changing
roles. The pillars are drawn from the
best practices demonstrated by other NGOs that have successfully enhanced their
sustainability. Effectively
transforming the organization to encompass the pillars, in turn, requires
changes in NGO operations. Grouped
under three key aspects of sustainability--institutional, programmatic and
financialthe operational areas are critical to supporting the sustainability
efforts of the organization.
The
discussion begins by unpacking sustainability: exploring definitions, what
should be sustained and why sustainability is important not only for the NGO
but also the community and donors.
Through real case examples and assessment tools, the group discussion
assists participants to build commitment around changing their relationships
with donors and communities, and to assess and strengthen the operational areas
listed in the model. By the completion
of the discussion, participants can address their social mission by applying
basic business practices in their operations, and providing services valued by
their communities. They then can
develop concrete plans on how to increase the exchange of value in their
programs and how to enhance the sustainability of their institutions.
Figure A
Sustainability Operational Model
2. 3 Topic 3
Project Development and Management for NGOs
Speaker: Dorit Lehrack/International Advisor
Chinese Association for NGOs, China
Moderator: Xiaoping Tian, CEDPA, USA
Through analyzing
two case studies, the audience should get know with the fact, that there are
certain conditions necessary in order to implement a project successfully and
to really make an impact.
Following lacks
may result in failing of the project:
In project
planning:
- No thoroughly done needs analysis
what changes for whom do we expect after the project is implemented
- Lack of identifying clear goals and objectives for the project
- The role of stake holders is not
clear: who has to participate in the project? What role play the stake
holder? What do they expect from
the project?
- No clear communication lines between
the stake holders, the stake holders and the project managers
etc. are
defined.
- Unclear responsibilities: who is
responsible for what and by when?
- Lacks in project management skills:
dividing the project in packages, defining mile stones etc.
- No sufficient monitoring and
supervising no indicators for success control and failure management
Whilst the above
described lacks are typical for project management across the world, in China
the problems of ownership and hierarchy must be understood as a cultural
problem and tackled in that way.
The question of
who owns the project is essential in order to get everybody in the boat and
motivate stakeholders to contribute best.
Here the questions
to be answered are:
- Is the project really need-driven?
whose needs will be met?
- Who identifies the needs by which
process?
- Do those, who have the needs, really
contribute in a responsible way?
- Who monitors the progress and who
controls?
The question of
ownership is linked to the problem of who will benefit from the project?
Without creating a win-win-situation for all stake holder the project will
probably fail. So find out which way you can serve the interests of all
partners, not only the direct target groups. For example, you will meet the
needs of the donors, if the money is spent in a sustainable way, securing
long-term success and reputation of the project
In China, there is
often a conflict of interests that is not talked out because of guan
xi-reasons and/or because the partner is at a higher level of hierarchy.
This will cause a
lot of problems in project implementation. If the interests of the local
authority partner is to get as much as possible pocket money, than they will
not be interested to create transparency. So, it is better, you get the hidden
agenda unveiled!. Maybe there is indeed a lack of resources. In this case, the
problem may be tackled already with the project design. Pure Guan Xi does not
help to resolve a conflict sustainablly, especially if foreign partners
participate in the project.
Some general
problems in Project Management by young NGOs are:
- High expectations, but too little
resources to implement
- Project hunting, that means quantity
instead of quality
- Responsibilities not clearly defined
- Lack of technical skills
- Insufficient monitoring, success
control and failure analysis.
As a result of
case studies, we should design projects, that are
- Need driven
- Sustainable
- Get local support
- Create a win-win situation make an
impact for all stake holders
- Strengthen the profile, trust and
credibility of the NGO
The discussion
after the presentation was centered around the questions: What and how is to change
in order to improve project management of NGOs. Communication needs have been
identified as one key to avoid problems at the very beginning. Project
objectives should match the resources small is beautiful. Those, who are in
charge of project implementation,
should understand themselves as key success factor. If they fail, the project
may fail, but if they act responsible and professionally, communicate and
participate the partners, the project will probably make a positive impact.
2.4 Topic 4
Introduction to UNDP Small Grant Program for NGOs
Speaker: Shunichi Murata,
UNDP Representative from Japan
Moderator: Yongcheng Wang, Green Home Volunteers, China
Established in
1992, the year of the Rio Earth Summit, The GEF Small Grants Programme [SGP]
embodies the very essence of sustainable development. By providing financial
and technical support to projects in developing countries that conserve and
restore the natural world while enhancing well-being and livelihoods, SGP
demonstrates that community action can maintain the fine balance between human
needs and environmental imperatives. SGP links global, national and local-level
issues through a transparent, participatory and country-driven approach to
project planning, design and implementation. Grants are made directly to
non-governmental organizations [NGOs] and community-based organizations [CBOs]
in recognition of the key role they play as a resource and constituency for
environment and development concerns. Though SGP grants are small, their impact
is large. More than 2300 projects in 60 countries have addressed adverse
environmental changes and enriched the lives of tens of thousands of people, in
Africa, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Latin America and the
Caribbean.
The SGP recognizes that the destruction of ecosystems and the species that depend upon them; increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere; pollution of international waters: are the life-threatening challenges we face. Though environmental decay endangers all of us, poor people are most at risk because they depend on access to natural resources for their livelihoods and because they live in fragile ecosystems. The programme operates on the premise that people will be empowered to protect their environment when they are organized to take action, have a measure of control over access to the natural resource base, have the necessary information and knowledge, and believe that their social and economic well being is dependent on sound long-term resource management.
In each participating country, a broad-based national steering committee (NSC) provides overall guidance and strategic direction for the programme and screens and selects projects for grant awards. The committee guides the development of a country strategy and establishes country-specific eligibility criteria within the framework of the overall GEF guidelines. Members of the NSC serve on a voluntary basis and typically represent the government (which must endorse the programme); the CBO/NGO community; national academic, scientific, and technical institutions; and the UNDP Country Office.
A national
coordinator is responsible for managing the implementation of the country
programme. The coordinator works in close partnership with CBOs and NGOs to
help them formulate their project proposals, visits the sites of proposed
activities, supports the work of the NSC, and ensures sound programme
monitoring and evaluation.
Eligible Activities
GEF/SGP grants are awarded for activities which support community-level action in the biodiversity, climate change, and international waters focal areas. Activities that address land degradation issues-primarily concerning desertification and deforestation-can be supported if they relate to one or more of these focal areas.
To be eligible for GEF/SGP support, a project proposed for funding must fit the GEF/SGP country programme strategy and country-specific eligibility criteria approved by the NSC. It must also be consistent with the Operational Strategy and relevant Operational Programs established by the GEF:
- In the biodiversity focal area, activities must
promote the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources in
arid and semi-arid ecosystems; coastal, marine and freshwater ecosystems;
forest ecosystems; or mountain ecosystems.
- In the area of climate change, activities must
either demonstrate the removal of local barriers to energy conservation
and energy efficiency, or promote the adoption of renewable energy.
- In the international waters focal area,
activities must address environmental concerns in a specific waterbody
shared by two or more countries (such as freshwater drainage basin that is
regionally significant or a large marine ecosystem), or address land-based
threats to international waters.
Given the focus on small-scale, community-level initiatives, the UNDP/GEF/SGP is not active in the ozone layer focal area. Several different kinds of activities are eligible for funding under the UNDP/GEF Small Grants Programme:
- Community-based assessment and planning (planning
grants): Small
amounts of grant funds (typically no more than US$2,000) are available to
support pre-project participatory assessment and planning activities
designed to strengthen community participation in project identification
and development.
- Pilot demonstration activities: Most funded projects are activities
that test and demonstrate the viability of innovative community-level
approaches to global environmental problems.
- Capacity development: Although most demonstration projects include
capacity development components, grants may be awarded for targeted
technical assistance and training activities which focus on developing CBO
and NGO capacities in the GEF focal areas.
- Monitoring and analysis: Grants funds may also be made
available to intermediary NGOs and research centers (including
universities) to support programme monitoring; to help identify, assess,
and document best practices; and to prepare case studies of
UNDP/GEF/SGP-supported projects. The use of participatory methods in
monitoring and analysis activities is encouraged.
- Dissemination, networking, and policy dialogue: In order to leverage UNDP/GEF/SGP
project experience, grant funds are available to support dissemination of
innovations and best practices, relevant networking activities, and policy
dialogue efforts aimed at promoting a supportive policy environment for
community-level action in the GEF focal areas.
Since China is currently not a
participating country in SGP, NGOs in China dont qualify for applying the
grants yet. For participating, a national screening committee needs to be set
up. A strategic plan to implement the SGP in China should be submitted to UNDP. Once the plan is approved by UNDP
and China is accepted as a participating country, NGOs can apply for funds for
their projects. NGOs in China should work closely with UNDP-China Office and
Chinese government agencies to ensure Chinas entrance to this program sooner.
第二届中美民间环境组织合作论坛
参加单位（中方）
III. Participated
Organizations (Chinese)
- 中国人民大学（主办单位） Remin University of China
- 安徽农业大学经济与管理学院 College of Economics and Management,
Anhui Agri. University
- 安全与环境学报 Academic Journal of Safety and
Environment
- 北京大学城市与环境学系 Dept. of Urban Environment, Beijing University
- 北京大学环境科学中心 Center of Environmental Sci. Beijing University
- 北京大学政治与行政管理系 Dept. of Politics and Administration,
Beijing University
- 北京地球村 Global Village of Beijing
- 北京环境保护基金会 Beijing Environmental Protection
Foundation
- 北京门头沟区人民政府 Government of Mentougou District,
Beijing
- 北京农学院经贸系 Dept. of Economics and Trading,
Beijing Agri. College
- 北京人文生态研究所 Research Institute of Human Ecology,
Beijing
- 北京青少年科技馆 Young Sci. and Tech. Hall, Beijing
- 北京天恒可持续发展研究所 Tianhen Research Institute for
Sustainable Development, Beijing
- 北京晚报 Beijing Evening Newspaper
- 北京养猪育种中心 Beijing Pig Breeding Center
- 北理工《安全与环境》杂志社 Journal of Security and Environment,
Beijing University of Sci. and Tech.
- 长安大学环境工程学院绿岛环境保护协会 Green Island Env. Protection Association,
Changan University
- 长春解放军军需大学训练部 Dept. of Training, Changchun
University of Equipments for CPA
- 《城市博览》杂志社 Journal of City Overview
- 东北林业大学 Northeastern Forestry University
- 东方网 www.eastway.com
- 地球之友 Friend of Earth (Hong Kong)
- 福建农林大学经管学院 College of Economic Management,
Hujian Agri. And Forestry University
- 甘肃农业大学 Gongsu Agri. University
- 国家计委土地开发与地区经济研究所 Research
Institute of Land Development and Regional Economics, State Planning
Commission
- 国家林业局天然林保护中心 Center of
Primary Forests Preservation, State Forestry Bureau
- 贵州大学人文学院经济贸易系 Dept. of Economic Trades, Guizhou
University
- 贵州林业科学研究院生态所 Institute of Ecology, Guizhou
Forestry Sci. Research Academy
- 贵州社会科学院农村发展所 Institute of Rural Development,
Guizhou Social Sci. Academy
- 贵州师范大学自然保护与社区发展研究中心 Research Center of Natural Conservation
and Community Development, Guizhou Normal University
- 贵州省环境保护国际合作交流中心 Center of International Cooperation,
Guizhou EPA
- 国务院发展研究中心 Development Research Center, State Council
- 黑龙江八一农垦大学经济贸易学院 College of Economics and Trade, Bayi
Agri. University, Henongjiang
- 河南财经大学经贸系 Dept. of Economics and Trade, Henan
University of Financing and Accounting
- 河南农业大学 Henan Agri. University
- 湖北农学院经济贸易系 Dept. of Economics and Trade, Hubei
Agri. College
- 华南农业大学经贸学院 College of Economics and Trade,
Huanan Agri. University
- 华中农业大学经贸学院 College of Economics and Trade,
Huazhong Agri. University
- 经济日报 Economics Daily
- 吉林延边大学农学院经济管理系 Dept. of Economic Management, Jilin
Yanbian University
- 江西农业大学 Jiangxi Agri. University
- 教育部办公厅 Dept. of Administration, Ministry of
Education
- 昆明云迈民族经济研究所 Yunme Minority Economic Research
Institute, Kongmin
- 莱阳农学院经贸系 Dept. of Economics and Trade, Laiyang
Agri. College
- 绿家园 Green Home Volunteers
- 绿色江河 GreenRiver
- 孟山都远东有限公司北京办事处 Beijing Office, Mengshandu Far
Eastern Company
- 民政部（负责社会团体） Dept. of Social Group Administration,
Ministry of Civic Affairs
- 南京农业大学经贸学院 College of Economics and Trade,
Nanjing Agri. University
- 内蒙古农业大学经济与管理学院 College of Economics and Management
Inner Mongolia Agri.
University
- 《农民日报》 Farmers Daily
- 农业部国际合作司 Dept. of International Cooperation,
Ministry of Agriculture
- 农业部经管总站 Station of Economic Management, Ministry of Agriculture
- 农业部农村经济研究中心 Research Center of Rural Economics,
Ministry of Agriculture
- 农业部台湾事务办公室 Office of Taiwan Affairs, Ministry of
Agriculture
- 农业论坛筹备组 Preparatory Group, Journal of Agri.
Remarks
- 《南方周报》 Southern Weekend Newspaper
- 《人民日报》科教文部 Dept. of Sci. and Education, Peoples
Daily
- 《人民文学》出版社 Publishing House of Peoples Literature
- 全国政协人口资源环境委员会 Resource and Environmental Committee
The National Political
Consultative Conference
- 山东农业大学经管学院 College of Economic Management,
Shangdong Agri. University
- 山西农业大学 Shanxi Agri. University
- 陕西省妇女联合会宣传部 Dept. of Propagation, Shannxi Women
Federation
- 《陕西日报》社 Shannxi
Daily
- 陕西省宣传部《宣传导向》杂志社 Propagation Orientation Magazine
Shannxi Women Federation
- 陕西省小天鹅艺术团 Little Swan Art Troupe, Shannxi
- 上海交大管理学院 College of Management,
Shanghai Transportation University
- 四川农业大学经贸学院 College of Economics and Trade,
Sichuan Agri. University
- 沈阳农大经贸学院 College of Economics and
Trade, Shenyang Agri. University
- 石河子大学经贸学院 College of Economics and Trade, Shihezhi University
- 天津市发电技术设备有限公司 Tianjin Electricity Generating Equipment,
Inc.
- 天津诺维信公司 Tianjin Norwexin Company
- 天一生态协会 Tianyi Ecological Association
- 文新报业集团/《文汇报》 Wenfei Newspaper, Hong Kong
- 西安高新幼儿园 Gaoxing Kindergarden, Xian
- 西安建筑科技大学环工学院 College of Environmental Engineering
Xian Construction Sci. and
Tech. University
- 西安科技学院地质与环境工程系 Dept. of Geology and Env.
Engineering
Xian Sci. and Tech. College
- 西安外国语学院环保志愿者协会 Environmental Volunteer Association
Xian Foreign Language
College
- 西安音乐台 Music Radio Station, Xian
- 香港艺术发展局文委会 Hong Kong Art Development Bureau
- 西北大学城市与资源学院 College of City and Resources, Northwestern University
- 西北工业大学社科系 Dept. of Social Science, Northwestern
Industrial University
- 西北工业大学星星火环保志愿者协会 Star
Fire Env. Volunteer Association,
Northwestern Industrial University
- 西北农林科技大学 Northwestern Agri. and Forestry Sci.
and Tech. University
- 西南财经大学经济学院 College of Economics, Southwest University
of Financing and Accounting
- 西南农业大学经贸学院 College of Economics and Trade,
Southwest Agri. University
- 《新西部》杂志社 New West Magazine
- 扬州大学经济管理系 Dept. of Economic Management, Yangzhou
University
- 中国科学院农业政策中心 Center
of Agri. Policies, Chinese Academy of Science
- 中国环境可持续发展资料研究中心 Chinese Center of Documents Research
Center for Sustainable Environment and Development
- 中国环境科学学会 Chinese Association of Environmental
Science
- 中国民间组织协会
China Association
for NGO Corporation (CANGO)
- 中国农业大学 Chinese Agri. University
- 中国农科院农业经济研究所 Research Institute of Agri.
Economics, Chinese Academy of Agri. Science
- 中国人类生态学会 Institute of Human Ecology
- 中国气象局总体室 General Office of Chinese
Meteorological Bureau
- 中国初级卫生保健基金会Chinese
Primary Health Foundation
- 《中国青年报》 Chinese Youth Newspaper
- 《中国日报》 China Daily
- 《中国市场经济报》 Chinas Market Economics Newspaper
- 中央人民广播电台 People Broadcast Station of China
- 浙江大学
Zhejiang University
- 浙江省能源研究所
Zhejiang Energy Research Institute
- 自然之友 Friend of Nature
第二届中美民间环境组织合作论坛
参加单位(外方)
IV Participated
Organizations (US and Others)
105. 国际中国环境基金会（主办单位） 美国
International Fund for
Chinas Environment USA
106. 亚洲发展银行 菲律宾
Asian Development
Bank Resident Mission in China Philippine
107. 美国大豆协会 美国
American Soybean
Association USA
- 美国大自然保护协会 美国
The Nature
Conservancy USA
- 大西洋法律基金会 美国
Atlantic States
Legal Foundation, Inc. USA
- 国际生物多样性保护联盟 美国
Conservation
International USA
- 澳大利亚墨尔本大学 澳大利亚
University of Melbourne Australia
- 哈索联合咨询公司 澳大利亚
Haso United
Consulting Australia
- 自然资源保护委员会 美国
Natural Resources
Defense Council USA
- 能源基金会 美国
Energy Foundation/ Beijing
Office USA
- 经济合作网 美国
Economist
Corporation Network USA
- 福特基金会 美国
Ford Foundation
Beijing Office USA
- 性别行动组织 美国
Gender Action USA
- 绿色和平组织 美国
Green Peace in
China USA
- 国际爱护动物基金会 美国
International
Fund for Animal Welfare USA
- 国际鹤类基金会 美国
International
Crane Foundation USA
- 国际停止儿童铅中毒联盟 美国
International
Programs Alliance to End Childhood USA
Lead Poisoning
- 太平洋环境组织 美国
Pacific
Environment USA
- 联合国发展计划组织 美国
UNDP USA
- 美国驻中国大使馆 美国
US Embassy in
Beijing USA
- 美中环境基金会 美国
US-China
Environmental Fund USA
- 人口与发展中心 美国
CEDPA USA
- 中国妇女研究协会 美国
Chinese Society
for Womens Studies in the US USA
- 中国环境与可持续发展资料与研究中心 德、日、中、
China Environment
& Sustainable Development
Reference &
Research Center
- IFPRI ,
Washington DC USA
- Northern
Watertek USA
- 加州伯克莱大学 美国
UC Berkeley USA
- 密西根大学 美国
University of
Michigan USA
- 美国环境保护局 美国
US Environmental
Protection Agency USA
- 野生动物援助机构 美国
WildAid USA
135. 皇后大学 澳大利亚
University of
Queensland Australia
第二届中美民间环境组织合作论坛
中外新闻媒体报道汇总
V News Media Coverage List
- 中央电视台，新闻、教育、科技频道
Chinese Central Television, News Channel, Education Channel and Science Channel
- 香港凤凰卫视
Hong Kong Feng Fang Satellite TV
- 北京电视台
Beijing TV
- 新华社
Xinhua News Agency
- 中国日报社
China Daily
- 中央人民广播电台
Chinas Central People Broadcast Station
- 人民日报
Peoples Daily
- 中国教育报
Chinese Education Newspaper
- 北京日报
Beijing Daily
- 北京晨报
Beijing Morning Newspaper
- 北京晚报
Beijing Evening Newspaper
- 劳动午报
Labors Newspaper
- 中国市场经济报
Chinese Market Economics Newspaper
- 北京青年报
Beijing Youth Newspaper
- 南方周末
Southern Weekends
- 农民日报
Farmers Daily
- 陕西日报
Shannxi Daily
- 文汇报（上海）
Wen Fei Newspaper (Shanghai)
- 文汇报（香港）
Wen Fei Newspaper (Hong Kong)
- 经济日报
Economics Daily
- 光明日报
Guang Ming Daily
- 科技日报
Science and Technology Daily
- 中国新闻社
Chinese News Agency
- 中国青年报
Chinese Youth Newspaper
- 北京娱乐信息报
Beijing Entertaining Information Newspaper
- 中国乡镇企业报
Chinese Town Enterprise Newspaper
- 美国之音
Voice of America
- 华盛顿新闻
Washington News
- 美华商报
American Chinese Business Newspaper
- 新世界时报
New World Time (Washington DC)
- 人民网
www.People.com
- 东方网
www.eastway.com
- 中国新闻网
www.chinanews.com
VI. Acknowledgement
Forum Main Sponsor
Ford Foundation
Other Sponsors
Conservation International
International Crane Foundation
US-China Environmental Fund
Chinese Environmental Protection Foundation and
Center for Sustainable Environment, Energy and
Economy, Shanghai.
Steering Committee
Marc Brody, US-China Environment Fund
Richard Ferris, Beveridge & Diamond, P.C.
Jim
Harris, International Crane Foundation
Dr. Ping He, IFCE
Baocheng Ji, Renmin University
Feng Jia, State Environmental Protection
Administration, China
Randy Kritkausky, Ecologia
Congjie Liang, Friends of Nature
Sheri Liao, Global Village of Beijing
Dr. Rei Liu, IFCE and
Conservation International
Hein Mallee, Ford Foundation
Mei Ng, Friends of EARTH-Hong Kong
Dr. Judy Shapiro, American University
Lihong Shi, Green Plateau Institute
Kirk Talbott, Conservation International
Dan Viederman, IFCE
Changhua Wu, Professional
Association for Chinas Environment
Dr. Jentai Yang, US Environmental Protection Agency
Officers and Staff of Remin University of
China
Prof. Baocheng
Ji, Co-chairman of the
Organization Committee
Prof. Jun Feng, Vice-chairman of the Organization
Committee
Prof. Zhong
Tang, Secretary General of
the Organization Committee
Prof. Xiangzhi
Kong, Coordinator
Ms. Xin Gu, Coordinator
Other professors, staff and more than thirty voluntary students
Officers and Staff of IFCE
Dr. Ping He, Co-chairman of the Organization Committee
Dr. Rei Liu, Vice chairman of the Organization
Committee
Ms. Jianxia Du, Project Manager
Ms. Helen He, Director of Communication
Dr. Debra
Woods, Project Manager
Special Thanks
Shannxi Little Swan Art Troupe, China
Science, Technology and Environmental
Division, US Embassy in Beijing
Ms. Elaine Zuckerman, Documents Editor
Shoumin Travel, USA
Appendix A Forum Activity Photos
Forum Attendees Gathered in Front of the Yifu
Conference Hall
Some Form Attendees Gathered
Chinese Central TV Interviewed Drs. Ping He and Zhong
Tang (middle)
Mei Ng of Hong Kong was Discussing with Samuel Sage of
USA
Panel Discussion
Panel Discussion
Hein Mallee, Marc Brody and Zhang Xiaoai in Discussion
(from left to right)
Ban Li of Shannxi in Presentation
